Improving participation in voluntary activities in Iran is important because increasing productivity among young people, given the country's young population, contributes to community sustainability. Therefore, a better understanding of volunteer motivation in Iranian youth is needed. The Volunteer Functions Inventory (VFI) for assessing volunteer motivations has good psychometric properties and is adapted to several languages, but no validated Iranian translation yet exists. The purpose of this study was to investigate the psychometric Characteristics of voluntary functions inventory in members of Iranian Red Crescent Society. Sample size was 595 members of Youth Organization of Iranian Red Crescent Society from 31 provinces and 175 cities of Iran that were selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method and responded to voluntary functions inventory. Data were collected using a demographic sample and voluntary functions inventory (VFI). Confirmatory factor analysis using principal components method was used for data analysis. The results of the present study showed that the voluntary functions inventory had validity and reliability. Also, the factor structure showed that 29 items and 6 factors well assess people's attitudes to volunteering, and the structure of this inventory was well-fitted and confirmed all goodness of fit models. The present study provides the use of the Iranian translation of the Voluntary Functions Inventory (6 scales and 29 items) to assess volunteer motivation among young Iranian volunteers.

Background & Aims: Antidepressants are very common therapeutic agents in medicine. Design and using new antidepressants have built a new scope for depression treatment. Bupropion is an atypical antidepressant but it is used as an anti-smoke agent widely due to its smoke cessation. Its effectiveness in producing smoking cessation seems independent of its antidepressant effects. The study of synaptic effects of bupropion can reveal its mechanism for nicotine dependence cessation. This study has tested the effects of bupropion on evoked responses of rat hippocampal slices.Materials & Methods: 16 hippocampal slices from 18-25 old age rat pops were tested. The hippocampal slices have been prepared according to standard techniques. Bupropion was perfused in ACSF (2 mmol) for 30 minutes. The amplitude of population spikes (PS) amplitude of Stratum Radiatum was measured before and after bupropion perfusion. Amplitude of PS before bupropion perfusion fitted as 100% for baseline.Results: Bupropion (2 mmol) abolished PS of all slices for different periods. PS disappeared in 37.5% of slices for 1 hour, 25% for 1.5 hour, 12.5 % for 2 hour, and 25% for 4 hour or more. Bupropion disappeared PS 5-15 minutes after perfusion.Conclusion: Bupropion abolished or decreased PS amplitude. The results have showed that bupropion can decreases LTP or synaptic plasticity and alters the synaptic behavior in drug dependence.

Background: Omeprazole is metabolized predominantly by CYP2C19, a polymorphically expressed enzymes that show marked interindividual and interethnic variation. These variations cause a substantial differences that have been reported in the pharmacokinetics of omeprazole. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the pharmacokinetic parameters of omeprazole in a random Iranian population.Methods: From the 20 subjects, only 17 healthy unrelated individuals of either sex (9 females age range 22-24 years) participated in the study. After an overnight fasting, a sample of blood was collected. The subjects received a single oral dose of 40 mg capsule of omeprazole (losec) and blood samples were taken up to 8 hours. Omeprazole was analyzed by the HPLC method and population pharmacokinetic analysis was performed using population pharmacokinetic modelling software P-Pharm.Results: The mean value for apparent plasma clearance (CL/F) was 20.8±6.9 (L.h-1). The corresponding value for apparent volume of distribution (V/F), and t1/2 beta were 21.6±7.5 (L) and 0.8±0.3 (h), respectively. A comparison of the weight normalized V/F and CL/F of omeprazole between males and females revealed that both parameters were significantly higher in females than males (p≤0.03).Conclusion: These results show a substantial interindividual variability in omeprazole pharmacokinetics and this might affect the therapeutic effects of omeprazole as reported previously.

Introduction: Anthropometric measurements are useful in the surgery and diagnosis of congenital diseases. Also, these measurements could promote clinical efficiency. This study aimed to evaluate and compare the anthropometric measurements of the right and left auricles and determine the dominant type among both sexes of the Iranian population. Methods: The study included 400 people (200 males and 200 females) aged 20-30 years, in Bandar Abbas City (south of Iran). We measured nine anthropometric parameters on both sides, in this population. Results: In males, the mean values of the length of the auricle, the width of the auricle, the length of the concha, the width of the concha, cephalo-auricular angle, ear-skull distance, tragus-alar distance, nasal length, and the most common lobule shape were 59. 86 mm, 30. 71 mm, 24. 32 mm, 17. 83 mm, 57. 63˚, , 8. 71 mm, 101. 72 mm, 50. 31 mm, and round lobule, respectively, while in females were 60. 12 mm, 31. 36 mm, 25. 32 mm, 17. 73 mm, 55. 68˚, , 8. 40 mm, 101. 36 mm, 40. 76 mm, and round lobule, respectively. Also, we measured eight anthropometric parameters on both sides. The lop ear deformity rates in males and females were 10. 5% and 7. 8%, respectively. Conclusion: The shape and dimensions of auricle considerably differ between diverse populations because of ethnicity, race, gender, age, and the use of different measurement methods. Also, the present result showed that the auricle dimension of males was less than that of females, but it was more symmetric in male subjects.

Background: An essential requirement exists for a single exhaustive source of anthropometric databank in Iran. Available information about Iranian bodily dimensions is not applicable to the general population due to the sample of people investigated. This study aimed to present the first Iranian anthropometric databank by estima-tion. Methods: After a systematic review, 24 relevant sources of information were found and included. No time limit was considered. The method of Rapid Anthropometrics Scaled for Height was used. Results: Overall, 36 bodily dimensions were estimated, for which the seven percentiles of 1st, 5th, 25th, 50th, 75th, 95th, and 99th were calculated, stratified by sex. Conclusion: The resulting tables can be claimed as the most representative anthropometric databank for Iranian general 20-64 yr population now. Data are suitable for practical purpose and are applicable in both occupational and community setting.

Purpose: The present research aimed at finding an answer to the question of the process of influence of cyberspace on Iranian Poetry in the future, and the influence of cyberspace on various aspects of poetry such as content, its audience, the poet, the media that published the poem, the process of composing the poem, the rights of the author, and Globalization of the Iranian poetry. Method: The Delphi technique was used to carry out this research. A group of experts comprising professors in the fields of Communication and Literature was selected. The expert’s opinions were collected and analyzed through an in-depth interview, a questionnaire based on the Likert scale, and by the execution of three stages of Delphi rounds. Findings: Accordingly, considering the content, the experts predicted that due to the impact of cyberspace, the quality of the poetry will be reduced and consequently, the language of poetry will become simpler and close to prose and it will only reflect the daily events of life. Regarding the audience, they concluded that the audience’s selection power will be increased, however, we can differentiate between the public and professional audience. With respect to the sender, there will be no phenomenon of multi authors, and regarding the channel, the experts agreed upon Media Convergence besides, the poets’ agency in publishing their own poems will be increased. Conclusion: Experts believe that the spread of communication technologies will make censorship ineffective. This is the only case in which the group believes in the impact of technology on the future of poetry. The group of experts did not reach a consensus regarding the impact of technology on the phenomena such as publication of author’s poems as one’s original work and the Globalization of Iranian poetry, thus, analyzed these items in the framework of the human agency.